Metal Scavenging

• Which metals can PhosphonicSTM materials effectively scavenge?
  Please see our Metal – Scavenger Selection guide
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• What solvents or process streams can PhosphonicSTM materials be used in?
  PhosphonicSTM media can be used in a very wide range of organic solvents, including NMP, DMF and DMSO, chlorinated solvents, as well as aqueous systems
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• What pH range can PhosphonicSTM materials be used in aqueous process streams?
  PhosphonicSTM media can be used across a wide pH range (pH 0-10) , although thought should be given to the optimum pH range for the abstraction of the specific target metal or organic impurity. High pH (above pH 10) should generally be avoided with our silica materials; alumina materials should be tested if it is necessary to work at this level of pH
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• What levels can PhosphonicSTM materials scavenge down to?
  PhosphonicSTM media can scavenger metals down to ppb levels. Exact levels achievable will depend in practice on factors such as the nature of the metal, environment and starting concentrations.  PhosphonicSTM offer Metal Screening programmes to help establish achievable target levels in specific cases, and is able to design new materials to meet challenging residue targets if required
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• What consideration needs to be made regarding potential incompatibility between functional groups within APIs and PhosphonicSTM materials?
  PhosphonicSTM has a range of functionalised materials to take account of different functional groups found within an API. Typically scavengers would be selected for test avoiding any possible interactions that will diminish scavenger activity (e.g.acid-base interactions)
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• At what temperatures do PhosphonicSTM materials perform best?
  PhosphonicSTM scavengers have extremely fast kinetics even at room temperature, but if higher temperature scavenging conditions are required, PhosphonicSTM materials are stable at elevated temperatures in aqueous and organic solvent environments. Materials have been used successfully in a range of process and waste solvents at elevated temperatures.  There is always a need to balance scavenging efficiency with API integrity, so normally a range of conditions should be tested in a scavenging screening programme to find the best conditions.
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• At what scale are PhosphonicSTM materials available, and in what formats?
  Products are available from small scale (samples and test kits) right up to full commercial quantities. Products are available in powder format or in packed cartridges or in bulk vessels. Available product formats & cartridges
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• Once scavenging is complete can the metal be recovered from PhosphonicSTM materials?
  Metal can be recovered from PhosphonicSTM media using a variety of processes. PhosphonicSTM offers a metal recovery product line (PhosphonicSTM Liquid Metal Recovery) as well as materials for metal scavenging.
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• Where can I find information on which PhosphonicSTM scavengers I should use for a particular metal problem and under which conditions?
  Please refer to the Metal Scavenging application guide
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Catalysis

• Can PhosphonicSTM catalysts be recycled?
  Yes – PhosphonicS’TM heterogeneous catalysts have been designed for reuse and represent green alternatives to traditional homogeneous catalysts. PhosphonicS’TM Catalysts Presentation
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• At what scale are PhosphonicSTM catalysts available?
  Products are available from small scale (samples and test kits) right up to full commercial quantities at multi kg scale.
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• Is there a general review on the PhosphonicSTM heterogeneous catalysts?
  Please see the Speciality Chemicals review
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• Where can I find information on which PhosphonicSTM metal oxidation catalyst I should use for a particular substrate/transformation and under which conditions?
  Please refer to the Metal Oxidation catalysts application guide
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• Where can I find information on which PhosphonicSTM acid catalyst I should use for a particular substrate/transformation and under which conditions?
  Please refer to the Acid catalysts application guide
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• Is there any information on which PhosphonicSTM metal catalyst I should use for a particular substrate/transformation and under which conditions?
  Please see our Heterogeneous palladium catalysts application guide
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