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                            Immobilised Catalysts

                            Acid Catalysis 

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                            Acid catalysis remains a cornerstone of chemical production and organic synthesis.  The use of heterogeneous catalysis offers unparalleled advantages in simplifying reaction processes and reducing waste compared to traditional mineral acid catalysts.  PhosphonicS offers a range of robust, immobilised organic acids with various acid strengths and physical properties suitable for all scales, in both stirred and fixed-bed applications.  As with all PhosphonicS materials, the silica basis of the catalyst offers high physical strength and total freedom from swelling in solvents.

                            Oxidation Catalysis 

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                            PhosphonicS immobilised oxidation catalysts combine the wide range of reactivity and selectivity of metal mediated oxidation chemistry with the process and environmental benefits of heterogeneous catalysis.  Covalently bound ligands prevent metals leaching into the reaction mixture, removing the need for removal and disposal of hazardous metal contaminants.

                            Typical applications include allylic oxidation, oxidation of alcohols to ketones and carboxylic acids, epoxidation and sulfur oxidation.  PhosphonicS stock a selection of catalysts with commonly used metals including chromium, cobalt, manganese, cerium and vanadium; other metal complexes can be supplied on request.

                            Cross Coupling

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                            Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions catalysed by palladium complexes are an invaluable tool in designing highly convergent synthetic pathways.  However, the affinity of palladium for the substrates which affords such reactivity also results in palladium being brought through into the product.  Whilst PhosphonicS scavengers are highly effective at removing such catalyst traces, in many cases an immobilised palladium catalyst offers high reactivity with no palladium leaching into the product stream.  Sulfide and phosphine based ligands are available, either free or as Pd(0) or Pd(II) complexes.